Indian History MCQ Practice
Practice Indian History questions with instant scoring, correct answer highlighting, detailed solutions and first-click AI explanation caching for missing explanations.
The first Civil Disobedience Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1919 as a response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, which outraged Indians and intensified demand for political reforms. This movement marked a decisive shift from limited protests to a mass struggle rejecting British laws and taxes, starting with the non-cooperation and salt satyagraha. The other options refer to events that influenced later phases or different moments: Cripps Mission (1942) proposed constitutional reforms; Rowlatt Act (1919) sparked protests but did not itself start the Civil Disobedience Movement; Chauri Chaura (1922) violence led to its suspension; Jallianwala Bagh (1919) directly triggered the movement. Thus, option D is correct.
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on 13 April 1919 in Amritsar, Punjab, where a large crowd was fired upon by British troops.
The first Civil Disobedience Movement began after the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
The first hunger strike by Mahatma Gandhi was used during the Ahmedabad Strike of 1918. A hunger strike is a nonviolent protest where a person refuses to eat to pressure authorities or employers. In Ahmedabad, Gandhi supported textile workers seeking better working conditions and concessions from mill owners. This set a pattern for using voluntary fasting as a powerful, peaceful political tool in subsequent movements. The other options involved large-scale political campaigns or protests, but hunger strikes were not the initial tactic in those actions.
Gandhi’s hunger strikes became a recurring method in later campaigns, influencing many freedom struggle actions across India.
The first hunger strike by Gandhi occurred during the Ahmedabad Strike (1918).
The correct answer is indigo cultivation. In Champaran (1917), the government and European indigo planters forced farmers to grow indigo, a cash crop, under unfair terms. This caused suffering for small farmers who preferred food crops. Gandhi led a nonviolent campaign (Champaran Satyagraha) to protest these coercive practices and to press for fair treatment of peasants. Among the options, only indigo cultivation matches the historical issue faced by Champaran farmers; hallow cultivation, land ceiling, and opium cultivation were not the primary issues in this case.
It marked Gandhi's first major act in India as a practicing leader of nonviolent resistance.
Champaran involved coercive indigo cultivation imposed on farmers, leading to Gandhi's famous satyagraha.
Indian Council Act 1909 is the first act that introduced Indians as representatives in the legislative councils, though with limited elections and expanded Indian membership. It added a few elected seats and non-official Indians to central and provincial councils, marking the first step toward legislative representation. The act also introduced separate electorates for Muslims. The 1919 Act enlarged participation and introduced dyarchy, but representation began earlier in 1909. The 1935 Act vastly broadened reorganization of provinces and elections, but it was not the first step.
It is also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, named after the Secretary of State for India, John Morley, and the Viceroy, Lord Minto.
1909 Act: first limited Indian representation in legislative councils (with separate electorates for Muslims).
- Death of Jawaharlal Nehru - 1966 is not correctly matched. Nehru actually died in 1964.
- Liberation of Goa - 1961 is correctly matched. Goa was liberated from Portuguese rule in 1961.
- Indo-China War - 1962 is correctly matched. War occurred in 1962.
- First General Elections - 1951-52 is correctly matched. Elections were held in 1951–52.
The correct answer is M. N. Roy. In October 1920 at Tashkent, Indian delegates gathered to organize the formation of a Communist Party for India, and M. N. Roy headed this group. The other names listed were prominent Indian leaders in different movements, but they did not lead the Tashkent group for setting up the Communist Party of India.
M..N. Roy later became one of the founders of the Communist Party of India in 1925.
M. N. Roy headed the Tashkent group that established the Communist Party of India in 1920.